서 론
연구의 필요성
연구 방법
연구 설계
문헌 선정 및 배제 기준
문헌 검색, 선정 및 질 평가
자료 분석
● 분석 대상 문헌의 자료추출
● 효과크기와 이질성 분석
● 출판편향 검정
연구 결과
문헌 선정
문헌의 질 평가
문헌의 일반적 특성
Table 1
References | Participants | Intervention | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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• Characteristics • Mean age (years) • Size (n) |
• Education area |
• Technology • Software |
• Program • Provided materials, equipment |
• Duration and interval • Setting • Type |
• Outcomes | ||
Chen and Liou (2023, Taiwan) [30] |
• Fourth-year nursing students • EG: 18.8±0.6, CG: 18.7±0.6 • EG: 46, CG: 49 |
• Pediatric first aid |
• AR • Vuforia AR extension for Unity and Unity game engine |
EG |
• 60-minute lecture on pediatric first aid+5-minute DVD on airway obstruction and CPR+30-minute AR simulation with the interactive Resusci Anne • Equipment (mobile device camera)+ 10-minute orientation on how to use the AR application |
• 1 time • Skills and simulation laboratory of a junior college • Individual |
• Knowledge • Skill • Self-confidence |
CG |
• 60-minute lecture on pediatric first aid+5-minute DVD on airway obstruction and CPR+30-minute simulation using the traditional Resusci Annie • - |
||||||
Chou et al. (2024, USA) [32] |
• Second-year nursing students • 20.3±0.5 • EG: 42, CG: 42 |
• Communication skill |
• IVR • Unity 3D |
EG |
• 30-minute VR simulation program • Equipment (HMD) |
• 2 weeks/2 times per week • - • Individual |
• Communication ability • Communication confidence • Clinical practice stress • Learning satisfaction |
CG |
• 30-minute video watching • - |
||||||
Ha et al. (2022, South Korea) [33] |
• Third-year nursing students • EG: 23.1±4.1, CG: 22.8±1.1 • EG: 35, CG: 35 |
• Urinary catheterization and tracheostomy management |
• IVR • Hanaroadadcom system |
EG |
• 2-hour nursing skills practice using VR • Equipment (Oculus Quest headset, two-handed controller, and tablet)+ orientation on how to use the VR and cautions |
• 1 time • College • Group (3~4) |
• Confidence • Learning self-efficacy • Performance • Satisfaction |
CG |
• 2-hour nursing skills practice using the traditional model • - |
||||||
Kim and Park (2022, South Korea) [36] |
• Fourth-year nursing students • - • EG: 48, CG: 46 |
• Trauma patient assessment |
• AR • QualComm’s AR and Unity 3D |
EG |
• 2-hour learning program using AR • Equipment (HMD and PC)+orientation on how to use the AR learning program |
• 10 weeks/1 time per week • - • - |
• Knowledge • Self-directed learning ability • Problem-solving ability • Basic academic examination |
CG |
• 2-hour lecture • - |
||||||
Kim and Park (2022, South Korea) [37] |
• Third-year nursing students • - • EG: 47, CG: 47 |
• High-risk postpartum care |
• AR • QualComm’s AR and Unity 3D |
EG |
• 2-hour learning program using AR and discussion • Equipment (HMD and PC)+orientation on how to use the AR learning program |
• 8 weeks /1 time per week • Simulation laboratory and debriefing room of a college • Group (6) |
• Knowledge • Self-directed learning ability • Problem-solving ability • Basic academic examination |
CG |
• 2-hour lecture • - |
• 8 weeks/1 time per week • Simulation laboratory and debriefing room of a college • - |
|||||
Lee et al. (2023, South Korea) [35] |
• All nursing students • EG: 20.0±1.1, CG: 20.1±1.5 • EG: 76, CG: 76 |
• Blood transfusion |
• IVR • Techvillage, 360° VR videos |
EG |
• 2-hour online lecture+animated VR video+360° VR videos • Equipment (handheld smartphone VR headset) |
• 1 time • Any location • Individual |
• Knowledge • Satisfaction and self-confidence • Self-efficacy |
CG |
• 2-hour online lecture • - |
||||||
Lee et al. (2024, South Korea) [34] |
• Fourth-year nursing students • 23.3±3.3 • EG: 33, CG: 33 |
• ECMO nursing |
• IVR • No mention |
EG |
• 22-minute pre-recorded lecture+5~15 minutes VR simulation+debriefing • Equipment (HMD and controller)+ orientation on the VR program and equipment |
• 1 time • - • Individual |
• Knowledge • Confidence • Clinical reasoning capability • Learning immersion • Learning satisfaction |
CG |
• 22-minute pre-recorded lecture • - |
||||||
Shujuan et al. (2022, China) [38] |
• Second-year nursing students • 20.6±0.9 • EG: 49, CG: 52 |
• Disaster nursing |
• IVR • Unity 3D and HTC vive |
EG |
• Usual disaster training (lectures and manikin simulation)+VR training with 12 highly interactive disaster nursing scenarios (10~25 minutes per scenario • Equipment (HMD and controller)+ 4-minute tutorials that illustrated how to use the controllers+automatically generated testing report as feedback for the VR training |
• 4 months • Campus, VR lab • - |
• Disaster preparedness • Confidence • Performance |
CG |
• Usual disaster training (lectures and manikin simulation) • - |
||||||
Mayor Silva et al. (2023, Spain) [39] |
• First-year nursing students • EG: 19.5±1.4, CG: 18.3±0.1 • EG: 50, CG: 50 |
• Communication skill |
• IVR • No mention |
EG |
• VR simulation with a series of predesigned cases+discussion via Google Meet video call • Equipment (computers, VR goggles, and headphones)+education on how to use the VR goggles |
• 1 time • Faculty library • Group (5) |
• Communication and interpersonal relationship skills |
CG |
• Case-based traditional workshop • - |
• 1 time • Faculty’s computer room • - |
|||||
Wang et al. (2022, Taiwan) [31] |
• Nurses from non-oncology wards • EG: 28.3±5.8, CG: 26.8±4.4 • EG: 42, CG: 41 |
• Chemotherapy drug administration |
• IVR • EduVenture VR, 360 VR camera |
EG |
• Using VR application • Equipment (public smartphone, VR glasses) +assistance of VR software running normally at the first time+weekly reminded message |
• 1 month/once a day • Nursing station or home • Individual |
• Knowledge and attitude • Action accomplishment • OSCE |
CG |
• Document reading • Weekly reminded message |
AR=augmented reality; CG=control group; CPR=cardiopulmonary resuscitation; DVD=digital video disc; ECMO=extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EG=experimental group; HMD=head mounted display; IVR=immersive virtual reality; OSCE=objective structured clinical examination; PC=personal computer; VR=virtual reality